cb2 receptor knockout (cb2r−/−) mice  (Jackson Laboratory)

Journal: Chinese Medicine

Article Title: Electroacupuncture exerts antipruritic and anti-inflammatory effects on atopic dermatitis by activating CB2 receptor

doi: 10.1186/s13020-025-01102-4

Figure Lengend Snippet: EA further promotes the expression of CB2R and modulates endocannabinoid metabolism in AD skin lesions. A Comparative gene expression fold changes (FC) are illustrated on a color scale, with blue indicates underexpression (FC < 2) and yellow indicates overexpression (FC > 2). The comparisons are shown for AD patients’ lesional skin compared to healthy human skin (left panel), and within AD patients between lesional skin (LS) and non-lesional skin (NLS) (right panel). B Expression levels of CNR2 mRNA were determined using RT-qPCR, normalization to GAPDH. C Representative WB diagram for CB2R. D Quantitative analysis of CB2R expression, normalized to α-tubulin. E Immunofluorescence images of skin lesions demonstrate the presence of CB2R (red), while nuclei of the cells were stained using DAPI (blue). Scale bars = 100 μm. F Summary data illustrate the quantity of CB2R + cells located in the dermis of skin lesions. G-H Expression levels of endocannabinoid metabolism-related enzymes, including DAGLβ, NAPE-PLD, MAGL and FAAH mRNA, were assessed via RT-qPCR, normalized to GAPDH. All data are shown as mean ± S.E.M (n = 6 per group). Analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA complemented by Tukey's post hoc test for multiple comparisons, * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001

Article Snippet: Adult male C57BL/6 J mice were obtained from Beijing Vital River Laboratory Animal Technology and male CB2 receptor knockout (CB2R −/− ) mice on C57BL/6 background aged 6–8 weeks from Jackson Laboratories (Strain #:005786).

Techniques: Expressing, Gene Expression, Over Expression, Quantitative RT-PCR, Immunofluorescence, Staining

Journal: Chinese Medicine

Article Title: Electroacupuncture exerts antipruritic and anti-inflammatory effects on atopic dermatitis by activating CB2 receptor

doi: 10.1186/s13020-025-01102-4

Figure Lengend Snippet: CB2R knockout mitigates the therapeutic efficacy of EA on AD-like lesions and chronic pruritus. A The protocol regarding the establishment of the AD model, the EA treatment and the detection time of chronic pruritus behavior in WT and CB2R −/− mice. B Time-course of SCORAD scores(n = 8). C Representative images of skin lesions from each group of mice on day8. D Representative H&E staining images of each group. Scale bar = 100 μm. E Quantitative measurement of epidermal thickness based on the H&E images (n = 8). F Total number of scratches performed by mice in each group within one hour on day 8 (n = 12). All data are shown as mean ± S.E.M. Analysis was performed using two-way ANOVA complemented by Sidak's test for multiple comparisons, * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001

Article Snippet: Adult male C57BL/6 J mice were obtained from Beijing Vital River Laboratory Animal Technology and male CB2 receptor knockout (CB2R −/− ) mice on C57BL/6 background aged 6–8 weeks from Jackson Laboratories (Strain #:005786).

Techniques: Knock-Out, Drug discovery, Staining

Journal: Chinese Medicine

Article Title: Electroacupuncture exerts antipruritic and anti-inflammatory effects on atopic dermatitis by activating CB2 receptor

doi: 10.1186/s13020-025-01102-4

Figure Lengend Snippet: EA influences mast cell and CD4 + T cell proliferation in AD through CB2R. A Representative toluidine blue–stained images of skin lesions. Scale bars (overview) = 100 μm and scale bars (magnified) = 50 μm. B-D Statistical results of the total number ( B ), the number of degranulation ( C ) and the degranulation rate of mast cells ( D ) (n = 8). E Immunofluorescence images of skin lesions show the CD4 + T cells (green). Nuclei of the cells were stained using DAPI (blue). Scale bars (overview) = 100 μm and scale bars (magnified) = 50 μm F Summarized data present the count of CD4 + T cells within skin sections (n = 6). All data are shown as mean ± S.E.M. Analysis was performed using two-way ANOVA complemented by Sidak's test for multiple comparisons, * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001

Article Snippet: Adult male C57BL/6 J mice were obtained from Beijing Vital River Laboratory Animal Technology and male CB2 receptor knockout (CB2R −/− ) mice on C57BL/6 background aged 6–8 weeks from Jackson Laboratories (Strain #:005786).

Techniques: Staining, Immunofluorescence

Journal: Chinese Medicine

Article Title: Electroacupuncture exerts antipruritic and anti-inflammatory effects on atopic dermatitis by activating CB2 receptor

doi: 10.1186/s13020-025-01102-4

Figure Lengend Snippet: EA modulates cytokine release and receptor activation via CB2R and its downstream ERK pathway in AD mice. A Schematic diagram illustrating the procedures for RT-qPCR in each group. B–F Expression levels of IL4, IL13, IL31, IL4R and IL31R mRNA as determined by RT-qPCR, normalized to GAPDH. G Schematic representation of the role of CB2R activation in modulating inflammatory responses by targeting the ERK phosphorylation. H Representative WB results for p-ERK and ERK. I Quantitative assessment of p-ERK levels, with expression levels normalized to ERK. All data are shown as mean ± S.E.M (n = 6 per group). Analysis was performed using Two-way ANOVA complemented by Sidak's test for multiple comparisons, * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001

Article Snippet: Adult male C57BL/6 J mice were obtained from Beijing Vital River Laboratory Animal Technology and male CB2 receptor knockout (CB2R −/− ) mice on C57BL/6 background aged 6–8 weeks from Jackson Laboratories (Strain #:005786).

Techniques: Activation Assay, Quantitative RT-PCR, Expressing, Phospho-proteomics

Journal: Chinese Medicine

Article Title: Electroacupuncture exerts antipruritic and anti-inflammatory effects on atopic dermatitis by activating CB2 receptor

doi: 10.1186/s13020-025-01102-4

Figure Lengend Snippet: Schematic diagram of this study's findings on the impact of EA on AD Mice. This schematic diagram presents the pathophysiological alterations in AD and the therapeutic interventions of EA treatment. Initially, upon the induction of AD, there is an escalation in the number of mast cells and CD4 + T cells within the skin lesions, along with upregulation of cytokines IL4, IL13, and IL31, and their receptors IL4R and IL31R in the cervical DRG. These changes are linked to the exacerbation of chronic itching and skin inflammation. Despite an upregulation of the CB2R, the endogenous levels are not adequate to effectively inhibit ERK phosphorylation, a key driver of inflammatory processes (left side). In contrast, EA treatment, applied via specific acupoints corresponding to the affected dermatome, initiates a cascade of anti-inflammatory effects. EA stimulates axon reflexes that enhance the synthesis of endocannabinoids and reduce their degradation in the lesional skin tissue. This results in elevated levels of the primary endocannabinoids such as AEA and 2-AG, which in turn upregulate the expression of CB2R. Stimulation of CB2R by endocannabinoids leads to a significant reduction in ERK hyperphosphorylation, an essential process in curbing inflammatory response. As a result, EA treatment diminishes the number of mast cells and CD4 + T cells in lesional skin, reduces the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL4, IL13, and IL31, and decreases the expression of IL4R and IL31R in the cervical DRG. Collectively, these effects contribute to the alleviation of itching and the inhibition of inflammation development (right side)

Article Snippet: Adult male C57BL/6 J mice were obtained from Beijing Vital River Laboratory Animal Technology and male CB2 receptor knockout (CB2R −/− ) mice on C57BL/6 background aged 6–8 weeks from Jackson Laboratories (Strain #:005786).

Techniques: Phospho-proteomics, Expressing, Inhibition

Journal: Epilepsia

Article Title: Reduced Cannabinoid 2 Receptor Activity Increases Susceptibility to Induced Seizures in Mice

doi: 10.1111/epi.16388

Figure Lengend Snippet: A. Cnr2+/− and Cnr2−/− mice exhibit significantly reduced latencies to the first MJ (A) and GTCS (B) following PTZ administration compared to WT littermates. 1-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post-hoc comparison, n= 8/group. C. Percent of Cnr2+/− and Cnr2−/− mutants reaching GTCS, and latency to GTCS, are significantly different from WT littermates. Mantel-Cox log-rank test. D. Cnr2−/− mice exhibit higher average Racine scores when compared to WT littermates following an 18 mA electrical stimulus. Each symbol represents one mouse. Kruskall-Wallis Test with Dunn’s multiple comparisons. WT, n=16; Cnr2+/−, n=30; Cnr2−/−, n=18. For A-D, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001. All error bars represent mean +/− SEM.

Article Snippet: Two CB2R knockout mice ( Cnr2 −/− ) were purchased (Jackson Laboratories, Stock No.005786) and backcrossed to the C57BL/6J background (Jackson Laboratories, Stock No. 000664) for one generation.

Techniques: Comparison

Journal: Epilepsia

Article Title: Reduced Cannabinoid 2 Receptor Activity Increases Susceptibility to Induced Seizures in Mice

doi: 10.1111/epi.16388

Figure Lengend Snippet: A. Male Cnr2−/−/RH (teal stripe) and Cnr2+/−/RH (gray stripe) mutants exhibit decreased latency to the MJ when compared to WT (black) (##P < 0.01, ###P < 0.001). Cnr2+/−/RH mutants (gray stripe) also show decreased latency to the MJ when compared to RH (black stripe) (*P < 0.05) and Cnr2+/− (gray) (**P < 0.001). B. When compared to WT, RH (black stripe) (#P < 0.05), Cnr2+/−/RH (gray stripe) (###P < 0.001), Cnr2−/− (teal) (##P < 0.01 ), and Cnr2−/−/RH (teal stripe) male mutants (##P <0.01) exhibit significantly decreased latencies to GTCS. Cnr2+/−/RH mutants (gray stripe) exhibit significantly decreased latency to the GTCS compared to Cnr2+/− mice (gray) (*P < 0.05). C. Cnr2−/− /RH female mice (teal stripe) show significantly decreased latency to the MJ when compared to WT (black) (##P < 0.01), RH (black stripe) (*P < 0.05), Cnr2+/− (gray) (***P < 0.001), and Cnr2−/−(teal) (*P < 0.05) mice. D. Cnr2−/− /RH female mice (teal stripe) exhibit decreased latency to the GTCS when compared to WT (#P < 0.05) and Cnr2+/− mutant mice (gray) (**P < 0.01). 2-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc comparison, n=8–12/group. Symbols above individual bars indicate significance from WT. Error bars represent mean +/− SEM

Article Snippet: Two CB2R knockout mice ( Cnr2 −/− ) were purchased (Jackson Laboratories, Stock No.005786) and backcrossed to the C57BL/6J background (Jackson Laboratories, Stock No. 000664) for one generation.

Techniques: Mutagenesis, Comparison

Journal: Epilepsia

Article Title: Reduced Cannabinoid 2 Receptor Activity Increases Susceptibility to Induced Seizures in Mice

doi: 10.1111/epi.16388

Figure Lengend Snippet: Latency to the first MJ (A) and GTCS (B) was comparable between genotypes following flurothyl exposure. 1- way ANOVA with Tukey’s post-hoc comparison, n=8/group. C. The response of Cnr2 mutant mice to KA was similar to WT littermates. 2-way rANOVA with Bonferroni post-hoc comparison, n= 8/group. All error bars represent mean +/− SEM.

Article Snippet: Two CB2R knockout mice ( Cnr2 −/− ) were purchased (Jackson Laboratories, Stock No.005786) and backcrossed to the C57BL/6J background (Jackson Laboratories, Stock No. 000664) for one generation.

Techniques: Comparison, Mutagenesis

Journal: Epilepsia

Article Title: Reduced Cannabinoid 2 Receptor Activity Increases Susceptibility to Induced Seizures in Mice

doi: 10.1111/epi.16388

Figure Lengend Snippet: A. SR144528 significantly reduced latencies to the first MJ following PTZ administration in WT mice compared to vehicle-treated controls. B. WT mice treated with SR144528 exhibit significantly reduced latencies to the first GTCS following PTZ administration compared to vehicle-treated WT mice. SR144528 treatment did not affect latencies to the first MJ or GTCS in Cnr2−/− mutants. 2-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post-hoc comparison, n=8/group. C. WT mice treated with SR144528 exhibit significantly higher average Racine scores when compared to vehicle-treated WT mice. SR144528 treatment did not affect susceptibility to 6 Hz-induced seizures in Cnr2−/− mutants. Each symbol represents one mouse. 2-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc comparison, n= 8/group. *P < 0.05, ***P < 0.001. Veh, vehicle; sr, SR144528. All error bars represent mean +/− SEM.

Article Snippet: Two CB2R knockout mice ( Cnr2 −/− ) were purchased (Jackson Laboratories, Stock No.005786) and backcrossed to the C57BL/6J background (Jackson Laboratories, Stock No. 000664) for one generation.

Techniques: Comparison

Journal: Epilepsia

Article Title: Reduced Cannabinoid 2 Receptor Activity Increases Susceptibility to Induced Seizures in Mice

doi: 10.1111/epi.16388

Figure Lengend Snippet: The CB2R agonist JWH-133 did not significantly alter latencies to the first MJ (A) or GTCS (B) in WT, Cnr2+/− or Cnr2−/− mutant mice. 2-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post-hoc comparison, n=8/group. Veh, vehicle; jwh, JWH-133. All error bars represent mean +/− SEM.

Article Snippet: Two CB2R knockout mice ( Cnr2 −/− ) were purchased (Jackson Laboratories, Stock No.005786) and backcrossed to the C57BL/6J background (Jackson Laboratories, Stock No. 000664) for one generation.

Techniques: Mutagenesis, Comparison

Journal: Epilepsia

Article Title: Reduced Cannabinoid 2 Receptor Activity Increases Susceptibility to Induced Seizures in Mice

doi: 10.1111/epi.16388

Figure Lengend Snippet: All groups of mutant male (A-B) and female (C-D) mice exhibited reduced average latencies to both the MJ and GTCS compared to WT (###P < 0.001, #P < 0.05). A. Male Cnr2−/−/RH mutants (teal stripe) show decreased latency to the MJ compared to both Cnr2+/− (gray) and RH (black stripe) (***P < 0.001). B. Both Cnr2+/−/RH (gray stripe) and Cnr2−/−/RH male mice (teal stripe) exhibit decreased latency to GTCS when compared to Cnr2+/− mice (gray) (**P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001). C. Female Cnr2+/−/RH (gray stripe) and Cnr2−/−/RH (teal stripe) mice exhibit decreased latencies to the MJ when compared to Cnr2+/− (gray) mutant mice (***P < 0.001). D. Female Cnr2+/−/RH (gray stripe) and Cnr2−/−/RH (teal stripe) mice exhibit decreased latencies to the GTCS when compared to Cnr2+/− (gray) mutant mice (***P < 0.001). RH female mice (black stripe) exhibit decreased latency GTCS when compared to Cnr2+/− (gray) mutant mice (*P < 0.05). 2-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post-hoc test, n=8–12/group. Symbols above individual bars denote statistical significance from WT. All error bars represent mean +/− SEM.

Article Snippet: Two CB2R knockout mice ( Cnr2 −/− ) were purchased (Jackson Laboratories, Stock No.005786) and backcrossed to the C57BL/6J background (Jackson Laboratories, Stock No. 000664) for one generation.

Techniques: Mutagenesis